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<h2 class="title">
<a id="bool-query"></a>组合查询<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/100_Full_Text_Search/15_Combining_queries.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h2>
</div></div></div>
<p>在 <a class="xref" href="combining-filters.html" title="组合过滤器">组合过滤器</a> 中，我们讨论过如何使用 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器通过 <code class="literal">and</code> 、 <code class="literal">or</code> 和 <code class="literal">not</code> 逻辑组合将多个过滤器进行组合。在查询中， <code class="literal">bool</code> 查询有类似的功能，只有一个重要的区别。</p>
<p>过滤器做二元判断：文档是否应该出现在结果中？但查询更精妙，它除了决定一个文档是否应该被包括在结果中，还会计算文档的 <em>相关程度</em> 。</p>
<p>与过滤器一样， <code class="literal">bool</code> 查询也可以接受 <code class="literal">must</code> 、 <code class="literal">must_not</code> 和 <code class="literal">should</code> 参数下的多个查询语句。比如：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sense">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sense">GET /my_index/my_type/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must":     { "match": { "title": "quick" }},
      "must_not": { "match": { "title": "lazy"  }},
      "should": [
                  { "match": { "title": "brown" }},
                  { "match": { "title": "dog"   }}
      ]
    }
  }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="sense_widget" data-snippet="snippets/100_Full_Text_Search/15_Bool_query.json"></div>
<p>以上的查询结果返回 <code class="literal">title</code> 字段包含词项 <code class="literal">quick</code> 但不包含 <code class="literal">lazy</code> 的任意文档。目前为止，这与 <code class="literal">bool</code> 过滤器的工作方式非常相似。</p>
<p>区别就在于两个 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句，也就是说：一个文档不必包含 <code class="literal">brown</code> 或 <code class="literal">dog</code> 这两个词项，但如果一旦包含，我们就认为它们 <em>更相关</em> ：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-js">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-js">{
  "hits": [
     {
        "_id":      "3",
        "_score":   0.70134366, <a id="CO60-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
        "_source": {
           "title": "The quick brown fox jumps over the quick dog"
        }
     },
     {
        "_id":      "1",
        "_score":   0.3312608,
        "_source": {
           "title": "The quick brown fox"
        }
     }
  ]
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="calloutlist">
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<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO60-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>文档 3 会比文档 1 有更高评分是因为它同时包含 <code class="literal">brown</code> 和 <code class="literal">dog</code> 。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_评分计算"></a>评分计算<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/100_Full_Text_Search/15_Combining_queries.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p><code class="literal">bool</code> 查询会为每个文档计算相关度评分 <code class="literal">_score</code> ，再将所有匹配的 <code class="literal">must</code> 和 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句的分数 <code class="literal">_score</code> 求和，最后除以 <code class="literal">must</code> 和 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句的总数。</p>
<p><code class="literal">must_not</code> 语句不会影响评分；它的作用只是将不相关的文档排除。</p>
</div>

<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_控制精度"></a>控制精度<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/100_Full_Text_Search/15_Combining_queries.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>所有 <code class="literal">must</code> 语句必须匹配，所有 <code class="literal">must_not</code> 语句都必须不匹配，但有多少 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句应该匹配呢？默认情况下，没有 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句是必须匹配的，只有一个例外：那就是当没有 <code class="literal">must</code> 语句的时候，至少有一个 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句必须匹配。</p>
<p>就像我们能控制 <a class="xref" href="match-multi-word.html#match-precision" title="控制精度"><code class="literal">match</code> 查询的精度</a> 一样，我们可以通过 <code class="literal">minimum_should_match</code> 参数控制需要匹配的 <code class="literal">should</code> 语句的数量，它既可以是一个绝对的数字，又可以是个百分比：</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sense">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sense">GET /my_index/my_type/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "match": { "title": "brown" }},
        { "match": { "title": "fox"   }},
        { "match": { "title": "dog"   }}
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 2 <a id="CO61-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
    }
  }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="sense_widget" data-snippet="snippets/100_Full_Text_Search/15_Bool_query.json"></div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO61-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>这也可以用百分比表示。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>这个查询结果会将所有满足以下条件的文档返回： <code class="literal">title</code> 字段包含 <code class="literal">"brown"
AND "fox"</code> 、 <code class="literal">"brown" AND "dog"</code> 或 <code class="literal">"fox" AND "dog"</code> 。如果有文档包含所有三个条件，它会比只包含两个的文档更相关。</p>
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